E&P discoveries break down to about 25% oil and 75% gas, while current global production if 67% oil and 33% gas…”future is more gassy”
The upstream exploration sector is still grappling with the oil price downturn, but new research from Wood Mackenzie indicates that the industry is poised to emerge from the slump leaner, more efficient and more profitable.
“Our research shows that a number of things needed to, and are, changing. One positive side effect of the downturn that we have seen is that the majors have changed the way they approach exploration, leading to improved returns, even at lower prices,” said Dr Andrew Latham, vice president of exploration research at Wood Mackenzie.
Of this, 25 billion boe comes from unconventional plays. Resource discovery costs for the period averaged US$1.78/boe. Returns over the period were not optimal, with returns of just 6 per cent, versus an industry average of 10 per cent.
“The new economics of exploration mean that rather than pursuing high-cost, high-risk exploration strategies – elephant hunting in the Arctic, for example – the majors have become more conscious of costs. Smaller budgets have required them to choose only their best prospects for drilling, including more wells close to existing fields. The industry now has in prospect a different – and potentially more profitable – future,” said Latham.
However, Wood Mackenzie notes that the majors moved quickly in 2015 to improve weak exploration returns. Steep cuts in exploration spending for the year have forced high-grading, which has led to enhanced prospect quality.
Unconventionals are becoming increasingly important, attracting 15 per cent of the majors’ exploration spend and outperforming returns from conventional exploration since 2013.
Good conventional exploration volumes, together with large adds from unconventionals saw the majors add resources well ahead of the volumes they produced every year from 2011. Resource discovery costs also fell, with the lowest costs recorded in 2015, according to Wood Mackenzie.
The report notes, however, that conventional exploration’s role in reserves replacement is set to diminish. Other renewal options – from unconventionals, discovered resource opportunities, enhanced recovery techniques and M&A – are likely to prove key to future reserves replacement.
The early indications are that the majors are now getting the exploration economics right. Their exploration spend halved in 2015 versus 2014, with spend per well drilled falling to levels not seen since 2008.
However, there has been a shift in ambition. Companies are no longer trying to fully replace production via conventional exploration, as they used to.
Now their reserves replacement will also require inorganic, brownfield or shale investments. Exploration has become incremental.
“Another big factor is gas – companies are not replacing volumes in the same ratios as their production, or in the same way. Discoveries break down to about one-quarter oil and three-quarters gas, while global production is currently nearer two-thirds oil and one-third gas. The future will become steadily more gassy,” said Latham.
“Exploration has a new role – less is more.”