Saving people from extreme heat is a growing challenge in cities. The urban heat-island effect makes city temperatures dangerously high. To combat this, scientists and urban designers are promoting solutions like cool roofs and green spaces, which can significantly lower temperatures and improve public safety.
Cities are a paradox. They offer great efficiencies with dense living, easy access to public transportation, and hubs for innovation. But when the climate warms, city dwellers face extreme heat due to the urban heat-island effect. Concrete, asphalt, and brick absorb the sun’s energy, making cities hotter than rural areas.
Heat kills more people in the U.S. than any other extreme weather, especially in cities. Scientists and urban designers are focusing on passive cooling techniques, not just more air conditioning. “Cool roofs” with reflective coatings and green urban spaces can cool the air. Edith de Guzman from UCLA says improving material reflectivity could cut emergency visits and deaths by over 50%.
Governments push for more trees but need to do more for cool roofs. A recent study found that cool roofs are the most effective way to reduce temperatures compared to green roofs, solar panels, and ground vegetation. These roofs reflect sunlight, much like wearing a white shirt on a hot day keeps you cooler than a black one. Even existing roofs can be painted white or light-colored.
Switching to cool roofs faces hurdles like industry habits and outdated building codes. Los Angeles leads by requiring cool roofs on new homes and offering rebates. But widespread adoption needs better policies.
Heat varies by neighborhood due to geography and wealth. Richer areas are greener, while poorer areas have more heat-absorbing buildings. Each neighborhood needs specific solutions.
Cool roofs could lower London’s temperature by up to 3.6 degrees F. Other methods like green roofs and solar panels also help but have different benefits. Air conditioners, while cooling indoors, make cities hotter by pumping heat outside. A mix of passive cooling and tailored interventions is essential. This combined approach will reduce reliance on air conditioning and better manage urban heat.
For more details on simple ways cities could save people from extreme heat > https://grist.org/solutions/solutions-cities-extreme-heat-heat-island-roofs